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Android universal image loader

1. 介绍

Universal Image Loader 具有以下特性：

  • 多线程加载图片
  • 可以高度的自定义ImageLoader的配置（如线程执行，下载器，编码，内存和硬盘缓存，图片展示的选项等等）
  • 许多自定义选项可以被每个展示的图片调用
  • 图片可以缓存在内存中和硬盘上
  • 可以监听图片的加载进度和下载进度

2.基本配置

2.1 构建项目

Jar包下载地址：https://github.com/nostra13/Android-Universal-Image-Loader

Maven dependency:

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<dependency>
    <groupId>com.nostra13.universalimageloader</groupId>
    <artifactId>universal-image-loader</artifactId>
    <version>1.9.3</version>
</dependency>
Gradle dependency:

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compile 'com.nostra13.universalimageloader:universal-image-loader:1.9.3'

2.2 配置 Android Manifest

在android Mainfest 配置必要的权限

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<manifest>
    <!-- 网络权限 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <!-- 内存卡写入权限 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    ...
</manifest>

2.3 在Application和Activity中初始化ImageLoader

在第一次使用ImageLoader之前一定要在Application或Activity中初始化ImageLoader

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public class MyActivity extends Activity {
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();

        // Create global configuration and initialize ImageLoader with this config
        ImageLoaderConfiguration config = new ImageLoaderConfiguration.Builder(this)
            ...
            .build();
        ImageLoader.getInstance().init(config);
        ...
    }
}

ImageLoaderConfiguration作用于整个应用，DisplayOptions在ImageLoader.displayImage(...)方法中被调用，作用于每个图片的展示。

所有的配置都是可选的，用户可以根据自己的需求进行自定义

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File cacheDir = StorageUtils.getCacheDirectory(context);
ImageLoaderConfiguration config = new ImageLoaderConfiguration.Builder(context)
        .memoryCacheExtraOptions(480, 800) // default = device screen dimensions
        .diskCacheExtraOptions(480, 800, null)
        .taskExecutor(...)
        .taskExecutorForCachedImages(...)
        .threadPoolSize(3) //线程池个数 default
        .threadPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY - 2) // default
        .tasksProcessingOrder(QueueProcessingType.FIFO) // 任务执行顺序 default
        .denyCacheImageMultipleSizesInMemory()
        .memoryCache(new LruMemoryCache(2 * 1024 * 1024))
        .memoryCacheSize(2 * 1024 * 1024)//内存缓存大小
        .memoryCacheSizePercentage(13) // default
        .diskCache(new UnlimitedDiscCache(cacheDir)) //指定磁盘缓存位置 default
        .diskCacheSize(50 * 1024 * 1024)//磁盘缓存大小
        .diskCacheFileCount(100)//磁盘文件缓存个数
        .diskCacheFileNameGenerator(new HashCodeFileNameGenerator()) // default
        .imageDownloader(new BaseImageDownloader(context)) // default
        .imageDecoder(new BaseImageDecoder()) // default
        .defaultDisplayImageOptions(DisplayImageOptions.createSimple()) // default
        .writeDebugLogs()
        .build();
DisplayOptions

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DisplayImageOptions options = new DisplayImageOptions.Builder()
        .showImageOnLoading(R.drawable.ic_stub) // resource or drawable
        .showImageForEmptyUri(R.drawable.ic_empty) // resource or drawable
        .showImageOnFail(R.drawable.ic_error) // resource or drawable
        .resetViewBeforeLoading(false)  // default
        .delayBeforeLoading(1000)
        .cacheInMemory(false) // default
        .cacheOnDisk(false) // default
        .preProcessor(...)
        .postProcessor(...)
        .extraForDownloader(...)
        .considerExifParams(false) // default
        .imageScaleType(ImageScaleType.IN_SAMPLE_POWER_OF_2) // default
        .bitmapConfig(Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888) // default
        .decodingOptions(...)
        .displayer(new SimpleBitmapDisplayer()) // default
        .handler(new Handler()) // default
        .build();

3.使用

3.1 支持多种URI

Universal Image Loader 不仅可以加载网络图片还可以加载内存卡，asset文件夹下的图片等等。

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String imageUri = "http://site.com/image.png"; // from Web
String imageUri = "file:///mnt/sdcard/image.png"; // from SD card
String imageUri = "content://media/external/audio/albumart/1"; // from content provider
String imageUri = "assets://image.png"; // from assets
String imageUri = "drawable://" + R.drawable.img; // from drawables (non-9patch images)

3.2ImageLoader常用方法

  • displayImage：加载图片，转换为Bitmap对象，将Bitmap展示在ImageView上或者其他实现ImageAware接口的View。
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imageLoader.displayImage(imageUri, imageView);

使用displayImage方法可以设置加载监听器和加载进度监听器

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// Load image, decode it to Bitmap and display Bitmap in ImageView (or any other view
//  which implements ImageAware interface)
imageLoader.displayImage(imageUri, imageView, options, new ImageLoadingListener() {
    @Override
    public void onLoadingStarted(String imageUri, View view) {
        ...
    }
    @Override
    public void onLoadingFailed(String imageUri, View view, FailReason failReason) {
        ...
    }
    @Override
    public void onLoadingComplete(String imageUri, View view, Bitmap loadedImage) {
        ...
    }
    @Override
    public void onLoadingCancelled(String imageUri, View view) {
        ...
    }
}, new ImageLoadingProgressListener() {
    @Override
    public void onProgressUpdate(String imageUri, View view, int current, int total) {
        ...
    }
});
  • loadImage：加载图片，转换为Bitmap对象并且将Bitmap对象返回给回调函数。

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imageLoader.loadImage(imageUri, new SimpleImageLoadingListener() {
    @Override
    public void onLoadingComplete(String imageUri, View view, Bitmap loadedImage) {
        // Do whatever you want with Bitmap
    }
});
获取Bitmap时，也可以指定要获取的图片尺寸

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ImageSize targetSize = new ImageSize(80, 50); // result Bitmap will be fit to this size
imageLoader.loadImage(imageUri, targetSize, options, new SimpleImageLoadingListener() {
    @Override
    public void onLoadingComplete(String imageUri, View view, Bitmap loadedImage) {
        // Do whatever you want with Bitmap
    }
});
  • loadImageSync：异步加载图片，转换为Bitmap对象并返回。
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Bitmap bmp = imageLoader.loadImageSync(imageUri);

4.源码分析

4.1 ImageLoader

displayImage方法

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public void displayImage(String uri, ImageAware imageAware, DisplayImageOptions options,
            ImageSize targetSize, ImageLoadingListener listener, ImageLoadingProgressListener progressListener) {
        checkConfiguration();
        if (imageAware == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(ERROR_WRONG_ARGUMENTS);
        }
        if (listener == null) {
            listener = defaultListener;
        }
        if (options == null) {
            options = configuration.defaultDisplayImageOptions;
        }

        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(uri)) {
            engine.cancelDisplayTaskFor(imageAware);
            listener.onLoadingStarted(uri, imageAware.getWrappedView());
            if (options.shouldShowImageForEmptyUri()) {
                imageAware.setImageDrawable(options.getImageForEmptyUri(configuration.resources));
            } else {
                imageAware.setImageDrawable(null);
            }
            listener.onLoadingComplete(uri, imageAware.getWrappedView(), null);
            return;
        }

        if (targetSize == null) {
            targetSize = ImageSizeUtils.defineTargetSizeForView(imageAware, configuration.getMaxImageSize());
        }
        String memoryCacheKey = MemoryCacheUtils.generateKey(uri, targetSize);
        engine.prepareDisplayTaskFor(imageAware, memoryCacheKey);
        //监听器执行onLoadingStarted方法
        listener.onLoadingStarted(uri, imageAware.getWrappedView());
        //从缓存中读取图片
        Bitmap bmp = configuration.memoryCache.get(memoryCacheKey);
        if (bmp != null && !bmp.isRecycled()) {
            //图片不为空并且没有被回收
            L.d(LOG_LOAD_IMAGE_FROM_MEMORY_CACHE, memoryCacheKey);

            if (options.shouldPostProcess()) {
                ImageLoadingInfo imageLoadingInfo = new ImageLoadingInfo(uri, imageAware, targetSize, memoryCacheKey,
                        options, listener, progressListener, engine.getLockForUri(uri));
                ProcessAndDisplayImageTask displayTask = new ProcessAndDisplayImageTask(engine, bmp, imageLoadingInfo,
                        defineHandler(options));
                if (options.isSyncLoading()) {
                    //同步
                    displayTask.run();
                } else {
                    //异步
                    engine.submit(displayTask);
                }
            } else {
                options.getDisplayer().display(bmp, imageAware, LoadedFrom.MEMORY_CACHE);
                listener.onLoadingComplete(uri, imageAware.getWrappedView(), bmp);
            }
        } else {
            //图片为空
            if (options.shouldShowImageOnLoading()) {
                imageAware.setImageDrawable(options.getImageOnLoading(configuration.resources));
            } else if (options.isResetViewBeforeLoading()) {
                imageAware.setImageDrawable(null);
            }

            ImageLoadingInfo imageLoadingInfo = new ImageLoadingInfo(uri, imageAware, targetSize, memoryCacheKey,
                    options, listener, progressListener, engine.getLockForUri(uri));
            LoadAndDisplayImageTask displayTask = new LoadAndDisplayImageTask(engine, imageLoadingInfo,
                    defineHandler(options));
            if (options.isSyncLoading()) {
                displayTask.run();
            } else {
                engine.submit(displayTask);
            }
        }
    }

4.2 LoadAndDisplayImageTask

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@Override
    public void run() {
        if (waitIfPaused()) return;
        if (delayIfNeed()) return;

        ReentrantLock loadFromUriLock = imageLoadingInfo.loadFromUriLock;
        L.d(LOG_START_DISPLAY_IMAGE_TASK, memoryCacheKey);
        if (loadFromUriLock.isLocked()) {
            L.d(LOG_WAITING_FOR_IMAGE_LOADED, memoryCacheKey);
        }

        loadFromUriLock.lock();
        Bitmap bmp;
        try {
            checkTaskNotActual();

            bmp = configuration.memoryCache.get(memoryCacheKey);
            if (bmp == null || bmp.isRecycled()) {
                bmp = tryLoadBitmap();
                if (bmp == null) return; // listener callback already was fired

                checkTaskNotActual();
                checkTaskInterrupted();

                if (options.shouldPreProcess()) {
                    L.d(LOG_PREPROCESS_IMAGE, memoryCacheKey);
                    bmp = options.getPreProcessor().process(bmp);
                    if (bmp == null) {
                        L.e(ERROR_PRE_PROCESSOR_NULL, memoryCacheKey);
                    }
                }

                if (bmp != null && options.isCacheInMemory()) {
                    L.d(LOG_CACHE_IMAGE_IN_MEMORY, memoryCacheKey);
                    //缓存到内存中
                    configuration.memoryCache.put(memoryCacheKey, bmp);
                }
            } else {
                loadedFrom = LoadedFrom.MEMORY_CACHE;
                L.d(LOG_GET_IMAGE_FROM_MEMORY_CACHE_AFTER_WAITING, memoryCacheKey);
            }

            if (bmp != null && options.shouldPostProcess()) {
                L.d(LOG_POSTPROCESS_IMAGE, memoryCacheKey);
                bmp = options.getPostProcessor().process(bmp);
                if (bmp == null) {
                    L.e(ERROR_POST_PROCESSOR_NULL, memoryCacheKey);
                }
            }
            checkTaskNotActual();
            checkTaskInterrupted();
        } catch (TaskCancelledException e) {
            fireCancelEvent();
            return;
        } finally {
            loadFromUriLock.unlock();
        }

        DisplayBitmapTask displayBitmapTask = new DisplayBitmapTask(bmp, imageLoadingInfo, engine, loadedFrom);
        runTask(displayBitmapTask, syncLoading, handler, engine);
    }
tryLoadBitmap方法

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private Bitmap tryLoadBitmap() throws TaskCancelledException {
        Bitmap bitmap = null;
        try {
            //从硬盘缓存中获取图片
            File imageFile = configuration.diskCache.get(uri);
            if (imageFile != null && imageFile.exists() && imageFile.length() > 0) {
                L.d(LOG_LOAD_IMAGE_FROM_DISK_CACHE, memoryCacheKey);
                loadedFrom = LoadedFrom.DISC_CACHE;

                checkTaskNotActual();
                bitmap = decodeImage(Scheme.FILE.wrap(imageFile.getAbsolutePath()));
            }
            //从网络加载图片
            if (bitmap == null || bitmap.getWidth() <= 0 || bitmap.getHeight() <= 0) {
                L.d(LOG_LOAD_IMAGE_FROM_NETWORK, memoryCacheKey);
                loadedFrom = LoadedFrom.NETWORK;

                String imageUriForDecoding = uri;
                if (options.isCacheOnDisk() && tryCacheImageOnDisk()) {
                    imageFile = configuration.diskCache.get(uri);
                    if (imageFile != null) {
                        imageUriForDecoding = Scheme.FILE.wrap(imageFile.getAbsolutePath());
                    }
                }

                checkTaskNotActual();
                bitmap = decodeImage(imageUriForDecoding);

                if (bitmap == null || bitmap.getWidth() <= 0 || bitmap.getHeight() <= 0) {
                    fireFailEvent(FailType.DECODING_ERROR, null);
                }
            }
        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
            fireFailEvent(FailType.NETWORK_DENIED, null);
        } catch (TaskCancelledException e) {
            throw e;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            L.e(e);
            fireFailEvent(FailType.IO_ERROR, e);
        } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
            L.e(e);
            fireFailEvent(FailType.OUT_OF_MEMORY, e);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            L.e(e);
            fireFailEvent(FailType.UNKNOWN, e);
        }
        return bitmap;
    }

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//缓存图片到硬盘上
    private boolean tryCacheImageOnDisk() throws TaskCancelledException {
        L.d(LOG_CACHE_IMAGE_ON_DISK, memoryCacheKey);

        boolean loaded;
        try {
            loaded = downloadImage();
            if (loaded) {
                int width = configuration.maxImageWidthForDiskCache;
                int height = configuration.maxImageHeightForDiskCache;
                if (width > 0 || height > 0) {
                    L.d(LOG_RESIZE_CACHED_IMAGE_FILE, memoryCacheKey);
                    resizeAndSaveImage(width, height); // TODO : process boolean result
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            L.e(e);
            loaded = false;
        }
        return loaded;
    }

4.3 下载图片

  • ImageDownloader:接口
    • BaseImageDownloader

4.4 硬盘缓存

  • DiskCache
    • LruDiskCache
    • BaseDiskCache
      • UnlimitedDiskCache：默认

4.5 内存缓存

  • MemoryCache
    • LruMemoryCache：默认
    • FuzzyKeyMemoryCache
    • BaseMemoryCache
      • WeakMemoryCache
      • LimitedMemoryCache
        • LargestLimitedMemoryCache
        • UsingFreqLimitedMemoryCache
        • LRULimitedMemoryCache
        • LimitedAgeMemoryCache

参考